Right now, 50 countries — including Canada — are actually negotiating how to quit fossil fuels

high-ranking talks to speed the reposition from fossil fuels got underway tues in Colombia's caribbean sea city of Santa Marta, where President Gustavo Petro warned the world could "reach a point of no return" without the Amazon's role in regulating the climate.

The two-day meeting of ministers and senior officials marks the political centerpiece of the First Conference on Transitioning away from Fossil Fuels, where more than 50 countries, including Canada, have been discussing how to move away from oil, gas and coal — the main drivers of global warming — toward cleaner energy.

"The conclusion is unavoidable: we must transition away from fossil fuels — not just because it's good for climate, but because it strengthens our energy independence and security," said Stientje van Veldhoven, the Netherlands' minister for climate policy and green growth. The Netherlands is co-hosting the conference with Colombia.

The meeting reflects growing frustration among some governments and advocates that decades of UN climate negotiations have failed to directly address fossil fuel production, prompting the Santa Marta summit to push the issue outside formal talks.

Canada taking part in summit on phasing out fossil fuels

Recent negotiations have acknowledged the need for a transition, but countries remain divided over how to implement it and how to finance the shift.

Before the president took the stage, members of the Indigenous Arhuaco community from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta — who have long defended their ancestral lands from outside development — opened the ceremony with a traditional harmonization ritual, a spiritual ceremony in which they spoke in their native language and played ancestral instruments.

Speaking in the afternoon, President Petro warned that "the Amazon rainforest is burning," adding that "without it we reach a point of no return."

The leftist leader questioned the global economic model underpinning fossil fuel use, asking whether "capitalism can really adapt to a way of life that is not fossil-based." He said UN climate talks have fallen short, arguing that "the unity of states has failed" and calling for broader action beyond governments.

Petro also linked current conflicts to energy dependence, saying "the wars we are seeing are driven by desperate geopolitical strategies around fossil resources."

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Colombia's Environment Minister Irene Vélez Torres said in opening comments before Petro's address that the conflict in the Middle East has revealed that "we are not only dealing with a climate and environmental crisis, but also an economic and national security crisis."

Petro has positioned Colombia as a leading voice calling for a global shift away from fossil fuels while pushing for a gradual transition at home that balances climate goals with economic realities.

Outside the conference venue in the morning, members of a mining union protested against Petro and the event, chanting through megaphones and holding signs that read: "I arrive at the conference by plane to criticize the oil industry," "More oil, less Petro," and "Defend your oil barrels."

With elections a month away, Petro has kept the pledge he made after taking office to halt new oil and gas exploration and steer the country toward a post-fossil fuel economy, even as the Andean nation remains heavily dependent on oil and coal exports.

Vélez Torres framed the gathering as a key moment for international co-operation.

"Let this conference be the moment when ambition becomes solidarity and when co-operation becomes the path toward a future beyond fossil fuels," she said Tuesday morning. "Let's make this a turning point in history."

Yuvelis Morales Blanco, a 25-year-old activist from Puerto Wilches, Colombia, spoke at the opening plenary and called for urgent action and a transition rooted in communities.

"We are called to make real the world we have imagined," she said. She urged governments to take "direct and concrete actions" to move away from fossil fuels and protect nature. "We demand energy justice, climate justice and justice for youth and children."

Discussions in Santa Marta so far have highlighted the central challenge of funding the transition, particularly for developing countries facing high borrowing costs and limited access to capital.

Van Veldhoven of the Netherlands said access to affordable financing would be critical to ensuring the transition can happen globally, particularly for developing countries facing high debt and limited fiscal space.

Participants have also debated the role of policy tools such as carbon markets and government subsidies, as well as how to ensure the transition does not repeat patterns of land use and resource exploitation that have harmed communities in the past.

Organizers say the conference will not produce binding agreements, but is intended to build political momentum and bring together countries willing to accelerate the transition outside the formal UN process. It is also seen as a stepping stone toward upcoming global climate negotiations, where financing and timelines for reducing fossil fuel use are expected to remain key points of debate.

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On Monday, Tuvalu, a tiny, low-lying Polynesian island nation in the South Pacific Ocean, announced it will host the next conference on transitioning away from fossil fuels. Small island nations are highly vulnerable to climate change. Scientists and the UN say Tuvalu could be submerged by 2100 because of rising sea levels.

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