Poll-bound Bengal a central theme in Vande Mataram debate: How state's history, language came up in Parliament

"Bihar ki jeet hamari hai, ab Bengal ki baari hai" — this slogan attended chants of "Vande Mataram" by BJP-led NDA members as ground government minister Narendra Modi entered the Lok Sabha to induct a word to mark the 150th anniversary year of the national song on Monday. “We have won Bihar, it's now the turn of Bengal,” it meant, pointing towards the West Bengal state assembly election due early next year.That could not be the only reason why Bengal remained central to the Vande Mataram discussion. The song was written by a Bengali, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, as a poem in Sanskritised Bengali in a literary tradition of the 1870s. This "Bande Mataram" — Bengali language or Bangla does not have a 'V' sound — of six stanzas was later composed to music by Jadunath Bhattacharya, another Bengali. It became more famous after it was published in the 1880s as part of Chatterjee's Bengali novel ‘Anand Math’.Prime Minister Modi recalled the British colonial regime's divide-and-rule politics and said, “When they divided Bengal in 1905, Vande Mataram stood like a rock.”He added, “They (British regime) used Bengal as their laboratory. Even they knew that Bengal's intellectual capability gave direction, strength, and inspiration to the country. They knew Bengal's capabilities were the focal point of the country. This is why they divided Bengal,” he said, “They believed that if Bengal was divided, the country would be divided too."On Vande Mataram not being adopted in full as the national song, PM Modi accused the Congress, particularly Jawaharlal Nehru, of “bowing” to Muslim League leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah's contention that the song could “irritate Muslims”.Only the first two stanzas of the song are adopted, starting with a 1937 session of the Congress and later the Constitution adopted in 1950. Unlike the first two stanzas that refer to mother and motherland at large, the latter four refer directly to Hindu goddesses by name, invoking strong religious imagery. Modi said the Congress convened a session in “Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's Bengal” to review the use of Vande Mataram — a reference to a Congress Working Committee meeting in Kolkata (then Calcutta) in 1937 on the matter. They “partitioned” Vande Mataram in 1937, Modi said, speaking in Hindi — “tukde kar diye” — and linked the party's “appeasement politics” to "what led to the partition of India in 1947”.Reacting later on X, Congress leader Jairam Ramesh said the PM had “insulted” Rabindranath Tagore, the Bengali literary giant, who is also reported to have agreed that the first two stanzas were more inclusive. Ramesh accused the Hindu Mahasabha and RSS of being pro-partition at the time.Modi, earlier in his address, repeatedly recited some slogans in Bengali raised after Vande Mataram was banned by the British regime between 1905 and 1908."Babu, not da": When PM changed a key wordThere was hiccup, and quick recovery, when PM Modi's reference to Bankim Chandra Chatterjee as “Bankim da” — short for ‘dada’, meaning brother in everyday Bengali — was objected to by a Trinamool Congress MP from West Bengal.MP Saugata Roy asked the PM to use the suffix “babu”, instead. It's a word closer to the more respectful “sir”.Modi responded immediately: "I will say ‘Bankim Babu’. Thank you, I respect your sentiments." Modi then asked whether he could still refer to Roy as 'dada'. It was not clear if Roy replied.What Gogoi saidSpeaking in the Lok Sabha after the PM completed his speech and left, Congress leader Gaurav Gogoi also referred to Bengal's role in the national struggle.Gogoi said his party ensured that it is not just looked upon as a political slogan but is given the status of national song.It was in the 1896 Calcutta Session of the Congress that Rabindranath Tagore first sang "Vande Mataram", Gogoi noted. "He (Tagore) wrote to Nehru that the privilege of originally setting the first stanza of Vande Mataram to the tune was mine when the author was still alive," the Congress MP said.Recalling row over ‘Aamar Sonar Bangla’ tooThis is only the latest in a series of controversies over national songs, or anthems, written in Bangla or by Bengalis.Just weeks ago, after a senior Congress leader in Assam sang “Aamar Sonar Bangla” (My Golden Bengal) written Rabindranath Tagore, the BJP termed his act “anti-national”. The song is the national anthem of Bangladesh.But Bengalis this side of the border were displeased as Tagore wrote both “Aamar Sonar Bangla” and India’s national anthem “Jana Gana Mana”. Students at some universities in West Bengal sang “Aamar Sonar Bangla” in protest.Bengal has been a major political project for the BJP, but the ruling TMC of CM Mamata Banerjee has often invoked Bengali cultural pride to label the BJP an “outsider”.She was asked about the Parliament discussion on Vande Mataram. “Let them have it. I have no objection,” she told reporters, as per news agency PTI. But she accused the BJP of not appreciating freedom fighters, and disliking “Netaji” Subhas Chandra Bose and “Gurudev” Rabindranath Tagore.Election for the 294-member legislative assembly of West Bengal is due in March-April 2026. Mamata Banerjee has been in power since 2011 after defeating the Communist government of multiple decades. The BJP managed to get 77 seats, its highest ever in the state, in the 2021 contest.