Artemis II breaks Apollo 13's distance record as humans travel farther from Earth than ever before

The cynthia II missionary post is expected to nail a record-breaking lunar flyby today.

The canadian river blank Agency says astronaut Jeremy Hansen and his three American crewmates are set to become the space explorers who will have ventured farther into space than anyone before, surpassing a record set by Apollo 13 in 1970.

NASA says the estimated maximum distance from Earth during today's flyby by the Orion spacecraft will exceed 406,000 kilometres, surprassing the 400,171 kilometres set by Apollo 13.

When Orion passes behind the moon, the spacecraft will enter a communications blackout of about 40 minutes as the lunar surface blocks radio signals.

Later, it will come as close as about 6,500 kilometres to the moon's surface, and from that vantage point Hansen has said the moon will look like a basketball held at arm's length.

Artemis II mission Day 5: Nearing the moon's gravitational sphere

For a little over five hours, the crew is expected to take turns observing and photographing geological features on the moon, like impact craters and ancient lava flows.

Commander Reid Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Canada’s Jeremy Hansen were on track to pass as close as 6,550 kilometres to the moon as their Orion capsule whips past it, hangs a U-turn and then heads back toward Earth. It will take them four days to get back, with a splashdown in the Pacific near San Diego concluding their test flight on Friday, nine days after its Florida launch.

Wiseman and his crew spent years studying lunar geography to prepare for the big event, adding solar eclipses to their repertoire during the past few weeks. By launching last Wednesday, they ensured themselves of a total solar eclipse from their vantage point behind the moon, courtesy of the cosmos.

"The crew will make their lunar observations with real-time data analysis, guidance provided by a team of scientists and the knowledge acquired through their geology training in Labrador, Iceland and in class to describe surface textures, shapes, and colours, providing valuable data for future exploration of the moon," reads a news release from the Canadian Space Agency.

The flyby promises views of the moon's far side that were too dark or too difficult to see by the 24 Apollo astronauts who preceded them.

NASA says the Orientale basin, a 3.8-billion-year-old crater that formed when a large object struck the lunar surface, will be fully illuminated and visible as Orion approaches.

Other sightseeing goals: the Apollo 12 and 14 landing sites from 1969 and 1971, respectively, as well as fringes of the south polar region, the preferred locale for future touchdowns. Farther afield, Mercury, Venus, Mars and Saturn — not to mention Earth — will be visible.

Their moon mentor, NASA geologist Kelsey Young, expects thousands of pictures.

"People all over the world connect with the moon. This is something that every single person on this planet can understand and connect with," she said on the eve of the flyby, wearing eclipse earrings.

NASA officials asked about Artemis II toilet troubles

On Tuesday, Orion will leave the lunar sphere of influence en route back to Earth.

Apollo 13's astronauts missed out on a moon landing when one of their oxygen tanks ruptured on the way there.

The voyage coined the famous phrase, "Houston, we've had a problem."

Mission Control pivoted to a free-return lunar trajectory to get them home as fast and efficiently as possible. This routing relies on the gravity of Earth and the moon, and minimal fuel.

Artemis II's astronauts are following the same figure-eight path since they are neither orbiting the moon nor landing on it.

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